Saturday, January 25, 2020

The Dental Induced Bacteraemia

The Dental Induced Bacteraemia Your Uncle not the same as last time who has been taking clopidogrel for a number of years approaches you, a dental student, to explain something to him. After two weeks of weariness and fever, his doctor recently diagnosed Infective Endocarditus by blood cultures. An echocardiogram indicated a bicuspid aortic valve, and listening to the chest using a stethoscope the doctor could also detect a slight murmur. His doctor had asked him whether he had had any dental treatment recently. He admitted that he had not seen a dentist for a number of years and a cursory investigation revealed dental caries and inflammation of the gums. His reason for avoiding the dentist was because of bleeding in the mouth following visits. Your Uncle was quizzical about a number of things and has asked for your advice. He wants to know what information the echocardiogram and stethoscope can reveal. Further, he wants to understand the connection between oral health and an individuals general medical condition. Specifically, what oral bacteria are present, what roles do they play in oral biology, how they could cause systemic problems, and what sort of strategies could be employed to prevent infection. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Working in your groups, generate a list of leaning outcomes for this topic and return an individual copy by 23rd November by email to [emailprotected] These learning outcomes will be assessed, and intended learning outcomes returned to assist you with your report. Individually write a 2000 word manuscript in a scientific manner addressing the learning outcomes by 7th January (2013) and upload via QMplus. Please note that with QMplus the time cut-off is 23:55. Learning Outcomes 1. To identify the connection between clopidogrel and excessive bleeding gums. 2. To describe normal and abnormal heart valve formations. 3. To understand and describe the information that echocardiograms and stethoscope can provide regarding heart function. 4. To explain how oral derived bacterial flora can colonise heart valves. 5. To explain why the heart valves are susceptible to bacterial colonisation. 6. To describe when prophylactic antibiotics should be prescribed prior to oral treatments. Introduction Bacteraemia is a condition that is caused when bacteria enters the blood stream. When large amount of bacteria are present in the blood it can cause infections such as meningitis, pericarditis and endocarditus. Individuals with heart valve disorders, prosthetic joints, chronic diseases or weakened immune system are at increased risk of developing infections during Bacteraemia. Dental induced Bacteraemia is caused by minor injury from tooth brushing or from dental procedures. In the above problem based learning scenario we have been presented with our uncle who has been taking Clopidogrel for a number of years and has now been diagnosed with Infective Endocarditis by blood cultures. Below I will expand on the proposed learning outcomes. [2] FIG.1Identify the connection between Clopidogrel and excessive bleeding gums. Clopidogrel is an oral antiplatelet drug which reduces the risk of blood clots forming. It works by preventing Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which causes platelets aggregation, from binding to its P2Y12 receptors on platelets and stops activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex. This prevention reduces the likelihood of clots forming. [1] [3]Source:Harvey, R; Champe, P Lippincott illustrated reviews: Pharmacology, 4th edition. LWW: 2009. Blood clots can be very dangerous as they can cause blockages of blood vessels reducing the blood supply to an organ. A reduction in blood flow to the brain or heart can cause a stroke or heart attack. This explains Clopidogrels biggest use in patients who have had a recent heart attack or stroke; it helps to stop a reoccurrence. [1] Taking Clopidogrel therefore can cause excessive bleeding gums. If a blood vessel ruptures when brushing the teeth, through dental treatment or even by eating the gums will carry on bleeding for longer than usual because of the lack of platelet aggregation. http://birthnow.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Clopidogrel.gif Describe normal and abnormal heart valve formations. A healthy human heart consists of four chambers; two upper atria and two lower ventricles and four valves; two semilunar and two atrioventricular valves. The aortic and pulmonic valves are both semilunar valves and found in the arteries leaving the heart. The tricuspid and mitral valves are the atrioventricular valves and are found between the atria and ventricles. [5] Valves are made up of cusps which basically act as flaps or leaflets that are responsible for the one way flow of blood going into and out of a ventricle. Each valve has three leaflets, except the mitral valve, which only has two. [4] FIG.3Strong fibrous cords called chordae tendineae also known as heart strings are attached to the papillary muscles found on the floor of the ventricles and they act as anchors to stop the valves from inverting back into the atria. When the valve closes the papillary muscles contract and tenses the chordae tendineae to ensure the one way flow of blood. The valves are also supported and surrounded by a fibrous skeleton called annuli that also acts as another anchor. http://www.tokresource.org/tok_classes/biobiobio/biomenu/transport_system/heart-valves.jpg [6] FIG.4Blood flows from the right and left atria into the ventricles through the open tricuspid and mitral valves respectively. When the ventricles are full, the tricuspid and mitral valves shut. The ventricles now begin to contract and the pulmonic and aortic valves are forced open and blood is pumped out. Blood from the right ventricle passes through the open pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs while blood from the left ventricle is oxygenated and travels through the open aortic valve into the aorta and goes to the rest of the body. This happens in a cycle, between heartbeats the ventricles will then relax, the semilunar valves will close and the atrioventricular valves will open and allow blood from the body and lungs to enter the heart. [7]http://mitral-valve-repair.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/heart-valves_heart-chambers.jpg Heart valves can however malfunction in several ways. Abnormal heart valve formations fall into two main groups; Regurgitation and Stenosis. Regurgitation of the valves is when they fail to close properly which causes the backward leakage of blood, this is often happens as a result of coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease or because or bacterial and viral infections including infective endocarditus. [8] Mitral regurgitation is the most common heart valve disorder being found in 20% of adults over the age of 55. [9] The backward leakage of blood causes an increase in atrial pressure and the wall of the left atrium will thicken by hypertrophy and possibly dilate. The pulmonary venous pressure will also rise which produces pulmonary oedema (fluid accumulation in the air spaces).It also reduces the blood supply to the rest of the so the left ventricle will also become thicker and the heart rate will increase to try and maintain normal cardiac output. Symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pains, dizziness and the pulse becomes faster. [10] [11] Stenosis of the heart valves occurs when the valve is narrowed and obstructs the forward flow of blood, it is usually a result of a congenital defect which has caused the valve to become inflamed or calcified. [12] FIG.5 Aortic Stenosis Aortic valve Stenosis is one of the most common valve disorders, when the valve doesnt open correctly there is reduced blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. In severe cases the walls of the left ventricle will become thicker as it has to work harder to maintain cardiac output into the aorta. Symptoms include dizziness, chest pain and an irregular heart beat. If the condition worsens it can lead to heart failure and more uncommonly to endocarditus.http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/Images/aortic-stenosispicture-275.jpg Aortic Stenosis develops over time because or turbulent blood flow through a usually bicuspid aortic valve. Calcific valvular disease is an inflammatory process and the biggest cause of the disorder, calcification of the valve makes it very stiff and makes it difficult for the valve to open easily. Again as with regurgitation rheumatic fever and endocarditis are also causes of Stenosis. [11] [12] Valve deformations are more common in the left side of the heart but they do also occur in the right hand side. Stenosis and regurgitation can affect all four valves and not only the two mentioned above. [13] Other abnormal valve formations are congenital heart valve diseases which are those present at birth when the aortic or pulmonary valves dont form properly. Understand and describe the information that echocardiograms and stethoscope can provide regarding heart function. Echocardiography is a non-invasive technique used to assess cardiac structure and function by the use of ultrasound. Echoes are used to listen for congestion in the lungs, irregular heartbeats and murmurs. [11] There are several types of echocardiograms; transthoracic (TTE) are the most common. A device called a probe or transducer is placed on the chest and high frequency sound waves are used to produce sounds and images of the heart. It picks up echoes of sound waves and transmits them as electrical impulses which are then converted to 2D or 3D moving pictures on the screen. A Doppler echocardiogram shows the movement of blood. If a clear picture cannot be formed a small amount of liquid can be injected via IV to give a better picture. [14] Echocardiograms show details of the chambers including size, volume and thickness of the walls which helps to identify certain disorders including hypertension, the pumping function can also be reviewed and this can show conditions such as cardiomyopathy. Echoes also help with diagnosis of heart valve disorders including those mentioned above. It identifies the basic structures of the valve including thickness and movement and shows any abnormalities such as calcification and scaring. The Doppler will show any leakage through the heart valves and if there is a restriction in blood flow. Echoes of mitral regurgitation will show a dilated left atrium and left ventricle and echoes of aortic Stenosis will show the thickened calcified leaflets. In cases of suspected endocarditis a transesophageal echo can be used instead to show high-quality images of the heart and its valves. It is slightly more invasive and a long tube is passed down the oesophagus. [15] A stethoscope is a non invasive diagnostic instrument used to listen to or auscultate a patients heart, lungs, pulse and abdomen. It can also be used to help check blood pressure by listening to blood flow restoration when the sphygmomanometer cuff is removed. The diaphragm is placed on the patients chest where it picks up vibrations and amplifies them as sounds to the earpieces going via a hollow tube. [16]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Stethoscope_(PSF).png A healthy heart produces a double beat or lub dub with little other sound when the semi lunar valves open and close. A stethoscope helps detect a heart murmur which makes a whooshing sound after the heart beat, this can indicate serious other problems such as infective endocarditis. [17] [18] FIG.6 S Mutans adhering to surface of mitral valve Explain how oral derived bacterial flora can colonise heart valves Explain why the heart valves are susceptible to bacterial colonisation. Streptococcus mutans are a type of bacteria found in dental plaque of the oral cavity that is largely responsible for causing tooth decay and cavities via the process of demineralisation. However on occasion after dental treatment or from brushing the teeth if blood is exposed it can enter the blood stream and cause bacteraemia. Diseased Aortic Valve Endocarditis typically develops on surfaces of the heart, which have become rough and sticky after sustaining endothelial damage after being subject to turbulent blood flow. (In bicuspid valves blood flow is more turbulent and this creates a high pressure which makes the surface of the valve rough and more susceptible to bacterial colonisation). [19] Platelets and fibrin attach to the endochardium surface and form a platform which the bacteria can attach to; vegetation is now formed. This vegetation can damage the heart valves and affect how they open and close, or breakaway and cause complications in other areas of the body. The aortic and mitral valves of the left side of the heart are the most common to be affected. S mutants are thought to be responsible for 50% of all bacterial endocarditus cases. Staphylococci found on the skin can also cause it. [11] The risk of developing endocarditis is increased in a person who has already got artificial heart valves, general heart valve conditions, congenital birth defects, rheumatic fever and those with a lowered immune system. The problem with when bacteria colonises heart valves is that the valves dont have a designated blood supply to them so white blood cells are unable to fight the infection that is forming there. [20] [21]Full-size image (41 K) [22] FIG.7 Transthoracic echocardiogram (a) and apical four-chamber view (b) demonstrating a well circumscribed vegetation measuring 2 ÃÆ'- 1 cm, confined to the posterior mitral valve leaflet and impinging on the left atrium. Describe when prophylactic antibiotics should be prescribed prior to oral treatments. The term prophylactic antibiotics refer to when antibiotics are given prior to an event as a preventative measure to infection. Where rheumatic fever is still common, control and prevention will prevent rheumatic heart disease and associated endocarditis. [11]Previously people with heart valve conditions and artificial valves were thought to be at high risk of developing endocarditus when receiving dental treatment and other surgical operations so a treatment of antibiotics, usually penicillin were given prior to the procedure in question. Today however this practice is questioned as there were no placebo trials conducted. The large scale use of penicillin as a preventative measure comes with risks such as anaphylactic shock so now as recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) it is mainly only offered to those patients who have an infection beforehand and those with artificial valves. Conclusion In conclusion to this PBL I now understand that the presence of bacteria in the blood can have serious consequences all over the body and not just at the site of entry. In answer to my uncles question about preventing infection it would be worth noting that meticulous oral and skin hygiene is significant in preventing such infections like endocarditis. With regards to oral hygiene a dentist should be seen at least every 6 months so any issues that may be present can be resolved before they develop further. Brushing twice a day, flossing and keeping ones toothbrush clean are always that can prevent bacteraemia.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Response paper to Ian Hodder’s “Ethics and Archaeology” Essay

Ian Hodder’s article, â€Å"Ethics and Archaeology: The Attempt at Eatalhoyuk,† basically discusses in detail the different roles that archaeologists assume during an excavation and also their ethical obligation and duty to the different communities on the site. Hodder claimed that the roles of archaeologists are not only limited to studying human culture through unearthing, recovering, documenting, analyzing, and interpreting remains, historical objects, artifacts, and landscapes. In addition, he also claimed that they do not also work solely to serve the interest of their benefactors and sponsors. Rather, Hodder stated that archaeologists have bigger roles and wider responsibilities to the different sectors of the excavation site. In short, aside from the interest of their sponsors and other organizations that fund the digs, Hodder believes that it is also the duty of archaeologists to reach to the multiple communities, interest groups, or stakeholders of any excavation site. In his paper, Hodder mainly focused his arguments on the Eatalhoyuk excavation site where is the director of the archaeological dig. According to him, the stakeholders of most sites can be narrowed to four: the politicians, the local residents, the New Age Goddess followers, and the artists. Hodder noted each of these communities has its own agenda or interest and it is part of the archaeologist’s duty to somehow satisfy them. One of the stakeholders that are common to almost all archaeological sites is the politicians or those in the seat of power. Generally, based on Hodder’s paper, all politicians support archaeological digs have their own agenda or interests. These may involve governors, mayors, or government representatives from the surrounding area of the site. Hodder claimed that although a lot of these politicians hail the archaeological site for its richness in history, culture, and identity, among others, their interests mainly lie on a single thing— widespread publicity. While the politicians’ desire to be seen on television or read on the newspapers is normal, Hodder stressed that it is the archaeologist’s role to limit the ways in which they use the site for their personal motives. He also stated that archaeologists should also verify every piece of information that a politician gives to the public about the site. For example, there are certain politicians who claim to be descendants of the site’s residents and speak about his or her origins. In this case, it is the archaeologists’ responsibility to verify these claims and ensure that they are true. Another community that has its own interests is the local residents. According to Hodder, in general, these residents, who have low incomes and limited education, mainly have practical concerns such as earning money for helping in the excavation. However, they are also concerned about the history of the sites and how they contributed to their identity. In this regard, Hodder stated in his paper that is archaeologists job to educate them about their cultural history and identity using solid evidence found on the digs. In turn, these local residents may relate their personal experiences from living in the site’s environment to tourists and researchers as these are helpful information. The New Age Goddess groups, on the other hand, mainly go to excavation sites, such as in Eatalhoyuk, to pray and to practice their beliefs which are in honor of their Goddess, which was a highly significant figure in the past. Their main concerns, according to Hodder, would mostly be regarding the history of the Goddess and the role of women in the Eatalhoyuk’s past. Thus, the archaeologists should try to address these concerns and provide evidence that would show how women lived in the communities of Eatalhoyuk thousands of years ago. By doing so, Hodder surmised that this would not only serve the Goddess’ groups interests but also avoid any misinformation regarding the site’s history. Finally, another sector that has shown significsnt interest in Eatalhoyuk is the artists group. Hodder noted that over the past years, more and more artists have arrived at Eatalhoyuk mainly to create works about the site. However, he claimed that there are also certain artists who help in the interpretation, reconstruction, and visualization of the art objects found in the site. Hodder stated that the main concern of this group is whether the objects unearthed during digs and excavations could be considered art or not. Meaning to say, most of these artists are particularly interested in identifying and describing the works of art recovered from sites. In this regard, the archaeologists involved, according to Hodder, should ensure that these works of art or aesthetic objects are verified to be genuine using past studies and other evidence found on the site. Certain artists also inquire about the role that art played in the history of Eatalhoyuk and it is the archaeologist’s duty to satisfy those questions to the best of his or her abilities. In short, what Hodder was trying to point out in his paper was that archeologists should always consider the agenda and interests of all the groups and sectors concerned during an excavation as it reaps greater rewards and is also more ethical than serving only personal interests. Personally, I agree with Hodder’s claims in his paper. His use of historical evidence and real life situations make his arguments very convincing. I also think it is unethical for archaeologists to go on digs mainly to become famous or serve their own interests only. Rather than setting one agenda, I believe it is important to work with different communities as exemplified by Hodder’s work in Eatalhoyuk as there are greater things at stake. Since archaeologist’s experiences firsthand what it’s like to be in an excavation site or dig, he or she should use his or her knowledge and skill to verify all the information and answer all the questions surrounding an archaeological site. This is not only professional obligation but also an ethical duty. Works Cited Hodder, Ian. â€Å"Ethics and Archaeology: The Attempt at Eatalhoyuk. † Near Easter Archaeology 65 No. 3 (2002): 174-181.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

What Is College Readiness - 1907 Words

Introduction What is college readiness? When we say the word â€Å"college readiness â€Å"it means a lot of things to a lot of different people. In the state of Nevada, the definition of college readiness is â€Å"the pupil who graduates from high school demonstrates the foundational knowledge, skills, and qualities to succeed, without remediation, in workforce training, certification, and degree programs† (Crystal Abba, 2013, p. 3). I believe that content knowledge, key cognitive skills and foundational skills are very important and helps students at college level courses. Students arrive at colleges ready with different level of readiness. Peer tutoring is one the effective way help students to gain foundational and cognitive skills in a high school. Part 1: Research Report Research Purpose The purpose of the study is to reveal if peer tutoring by same age will improve the percent of students who met the ACT College Readiness Benchmark Scores. In Nevada, to be eligible to graduate from high school, all students must take Nevada’s College and Career Readiness (CCR) assessment in their high school junior year. All students in junior year must participate in the ACT CCR assessment to complete high school graduation requirement. Problem Statement and Description of Setting Recently, we have received the ACT profile report for the high school where I am working as a college counselor. The report focuses on student test performance in the context of college readiness, the number of ourShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Student s College Readiness Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermine a student’s college readiness. These pieces are not of equal importance, the majority of the weight is placed solely on the ACT score. The problem arises, however, with the question of accuracy. How can a test, specifically the ACT, depict a student’s success in college, especially when the assessment only tests students on memorized information? To determine if the ACT can accurately depict how prepared a student is for college, one must begin by defining college readiness. According to DavidRead MoreHigh School Students : Common Core And College And Career Readiness1706 Words   |  7 PagesHispanic high school graduates exposed to two different curriculums: Common Core and College and Career Readiness The Race to the Top program has spearheaded many highs school to purse programs that increase students completion of college from 40 to 60 percent within 16 years of their induction into the public education system (Transforming American Education: Learning Powered by Technology, n.d.). The government’s plan is the faster the student completes their higher education, the faster theyRead MoreRemedial Costs Are Too High For Csu At Bear877 Words   |  4 PagesEditorial, authors of â€Å"Remedial costs are too high for CSU to bear† highlight the San Jose State University policy that took place in 2009. The policy is about Freshmen students who are required to take remedial classes since their math or English basic college-level aren t good enough.To notice these students that need help ahead of time CSU created the Early Assessment Program . Even though CSU created the voluntary Early Assessment Program, which has an essay and two dozen questions that are includedRead Mor eAction Research On Act Best Practices Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagesor High Performing which ranks as the second highest rating by MDE. However, American College Test (ACT) scores are stagnant. The school has only seen a two-point increase in average ACT Scores from 2011 to 2015. College attendance has increased; however, students are stuck with borrowing monies to attend college. If ACT scores remain low at North Panola High School, students will not have equal access to colleges/careers and the district will be negatively impacted! Statement of the Problem The centralRead MoreAction Research On Act Best Practices Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pagesor High Performing which ranks as the second highest rating by MDE. However, American College Test (ACT) scores are stagnant. The school has only seen a two-point increase in average ACT Scores from 2011 to 2015. College attendance has increased; however, students are stuck with borrowing monies to attend college. If ACT scores remain low at North Panola High School, students will not have equal access to colleges/careers and the district will be negatively impacted! Statement of the Problem TheRead MoreMy Strengths And Weaknesses1254 Words   |  6 Pagesmore challenging classes like College Credit Plus (CCP), AP, and IB class I have discovered that as a learner I have varied strengths and weaknesses. My strengths help me create college readiness skills which Conley claims â€Å"College and career readiness is enhanced when students demonstrate these behavior† (Conley 1030). While my strengths help me to create these skills my weakness put more obstacles in my way preventing me from developing and perfecting college readiness skills. With taking theseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Higher Ed 950 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of the article is to inform people about whether or not students are ready for college level education and how to better prepare students for meeting the academic requirements and education level that they should be before entering college. â€Å"According to the ACT’s recently released Condition of College and Career Readiness 2013, only 26% of all ACT-tested high school graduates met the College Readiness Benchmarks in English, Reading, Mathematics and Science in 2013† (Chan, 2014). Based onRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Readiness1327 Words   |  6 Pages1301 4 December 2014 College Readiness Students in today’s society are not adequately prepared in high school to enter and take on the challenges of college. Yet, millions of high school graduates dive right in because that is what they are expected to do. We are setting them up for failure by having this unrealistic expectation that students can succeed unprepared. According to The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, nearly 60% of all first-time college students in the UnitedRead MoreState Wide Definition Of College And Career Readiness972 Words   |  4 Pagesall, the state wide definition of College and Career Readiness (CCR) is â€Å"level of preparation students’ needs to enroll and succeed in a credit-bearing, entry-level college courses (ACT, 2015).† The statics of Hispanics high school students passing math and reading is 22% (Moore, 2010). Hispanics students have a higher percentage when looking at the subjects individually with 37% in reading and 39% in math but this is not a true indicator demonstrating college completion (Moore, 2010). The overallRead MoreA Hybrid Educational System For Low Cost Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pagesassist students in engaging the material needed for success in college. Mattox (2011) mentioned his son’s enriched high school experience to describe how hybrid learning education can tailor to a student’s schedule and pace. With the online learning component, we can deliver a U.S. history course in a â€Å"video game format† (Mattox, 2011). The possibilities are endless. We can deliver educational methods to anyone, anytime, anywhere. But what about for students with special needs? An iPad app, Symbolstix

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Surviving Domestic Violence - 2284 Words

An average of 1 in 4 or 25% of women in the United States has experienced physical or sexual abuse throughout an intimate affiliation at some point in time in their life (â€Å"Domestic Violence†, 2009). Among these individuals, nearly 2,000 do not make it and die of the resulted injuries they suffer from (â€Å"Women against Abuse†, 2012). When it comes to domestic violence, anyone can be a victim; the violence does not discriminate as to who will suffer from it no matter their sex, age, race, ethnicity, or financial background. Behaviors used by one person in a relationship to control the other are what define this dangerous act of crime. Although no one deserves this, it is important to learn of the precautions in order to help someone you love†¦show more content†¦Afraid or anxious to please their partner, the victim may keep quiet concerning their abuse and frequent injuries can be covered up as â€Å"accidents.† Because of this, work, school, or so cial occasions are missed with no explanation. These signs can help save a life that doesn’t deserve to die While abusive behavior and violence is an intentional decision made by the abuser to control the person of choice, it falls into a common pattern or cycle, repeating itself continuously until the individual seeks help or a result of death. Beginning with abuse, aggressive belittling or violent behavior takes place in the relationship giving the abuser automatic control. Once this step is done for the time being, he then feels guilty, not for what he has done, but about the possibility of being caught along with punishment and consequences that comes with it. Within this process, excuses are made blaming their spouse for their abusive behavior and continue to avoid taking responsibility for any of his actions. Next, the abuser does anything possible to regain control and the victim in the relationship, giving him/her hope that there may be an end to their violent behavior. Once the victim agrees to stay, the abuser starts to think of more reasons as to why another argument or fight is necessary. Putting the plan in motion, a situation is created where he can justify the abuse, and the cycle then repeats itself (â€Å"Help Guide†, 2013). If someone has a friend, relative, or neighborShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Public Violence Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion people in the United States are affected by domestic violence. There are 8.8 million children who will witness domestic violence. Half of all victims of domestic violence will also experience the unimaginable pain of their child/children being abused alongside them. The fact is, domestic violence will affect or touch every person in their lifetime (Pence McMahon, 1999). There are many ground-breaking advocates of reducing domestic violence, though one stands out above the others. EllenRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On People1708 Words   |  7 Pages What is domestic violence? Domestic violence is when a person uses a physical violence such as threats, intimidation, isolation, stalking, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and taking control over another partner in a relationship (Understanding abuse). This happens every day to thousands of people all over the world. It’s a serious issue and people don t realize how serious it is. It’s killing people, ruining families, and leaving a lasting impact on people. Each year, 2 million people are injuredRead MoreDomestic Violence On Children Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand that they are a strong survivor and ultimately see domestic violence is never because of them or their actions. Humphreys, C. (2001). The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children. Children in Society, 142-150. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-24714-8_15 The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children articles cover a multitude of topics but the topic that stuck out the most to me was the sections on the abuse that domestic violence endure but how difficult it is to report is because they dontRead MoreDomestic Violence And Other Lifetime Disturbance1590 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence and other lifetime disturbance can have significant mental health effects. Although symptoms often recover or decline with increased safety and social support, maltreatment may sometimes have longer-term health and mental health effects. The disturbing effects of abuse can affect an individual’s ability to access safety, restore from trauma, and to pursue lifetime goals. In addition to that, living with mental health disorders or addiction upsurges a person’s risk of experiencingRead MoreDomestic Violence1134 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic violence has gotten so bad now that it is recognized as a national health problem (Yonaka, L, et al.). Statistics done by the Bureau of Justice between the years 2001 and 2005 showed that about 511,000 violent assaults were made against women, and about 105,00 against men by their spouse or partner, half resulting in physical injury. In another statistic, about one in six pregnant women were reported for domestic violence cases (â€Å"Screening for Abuse May Be Key to Ending It.†). The affectsRead MoreAn Definition Of Domestic Violence Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe definition of domestic violence, or intimate partner violence, is a multiple or single incidence of abusive behavior that uses oppression, threats, isolation, and fear that often results in psychological and/or emotional trauma. Intimate partner violence is not a specific gender issue; a common assumption is that victims of abusive relationships are only women, which is a false belief. According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 1 in 4 men have experience some type of psychologicalRead MoreDomestic Violence(Dv) Is A Serious And Grave Concern, Not1617 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence(DV) is a serious and grave concern, not only in the United States but also around the world. It occurs when an intimate partner expends control and sovereignty through physical, mental, sexual and emotional abuse thereby resulting in physical and psychological trauma of the victim. There has been an alarming increase in the occurrence of DV in social media and literary work being produced today and this has resulted in it getting a lot of attention. According to population surveysRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School857 Words   |  4 Pagesroots in domestic violence, and that is who I am, a Survivor! I reached out to so many women to help them realize that they were not â€Å"victims†, but survivors. Yes, women were, have been and are victimized, but they need to learn that they are more than that. And that is when I realized that my calling is in counseling other women and their families. The children that witness and or experience the domestic violence are also hurting and need someone to reach out to them. Domestic violence also doesn’tRead MoreThe Violence Against Woman Act957 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence is not something that is restricted to one part of the world or another. It can happen to anyone at any time and those who are victims need to know they have options when it comes to their safety against it. While there are Federal laws that have blanket coverage for victims, individual states also have their own laws that are created to help protect the victims on domestic violence as well. Those laws usually spawn from specific cases in order to prevent the scenario from happeningRead MoreAn Argument Of A Woman Surviving Abuse Over The Course Of 15 Years1586 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper presents an integrative approach to a women surviving abuse over the course of 15 years. Working with racially victimized women who have experienced violence in their relationships. Domestic violence can be as simple as emotional abuse wit h words to something as severe as murder to murder suicide. For women who experience abuse in childhood or adulthood, the assumptions are that surviving includes seeking help. This article presents an exploratory study on the prevalence of victimization